The head articulates with the body of the thoracic vertebrae by two articular facets. They have the following similar characteristics: a head, neck, tubercle and body. The rest of the ribs are considered to be typical. The first two and the last three ribs have distinctly unique features. The typical ribs have a generalized structure making these ribs similar The atypical ribs have variations of this structure. Their cartilages tend to end within the abdominal musculature.īased on their structural characteristics, ribs can also be classified as either typical or atypical. Ribs 11 and 12 are not connected to the sternum or other ribs at all ( floating or free ribs).Ribs 8 through 10 join the costal cartilages of upper ribs and attach indirectly by interchondral joints thus, they are termed as false ribs.The first seven pairs of ribs (1 - 7) are directly connected with the sternum at the sternocostal joints.Costotransverse joint - between the costal tubercle and the transverse process of the vertebrae.īased on the articulations, ribs can be classified into three major groups:.Costovertebral joint - between the head of the rib and facets of two neighboring vertebral bodies.Each rib articulates with a vertebral body in two following joints: Between two adjacent ribs is the intercostal space. Ribs have a bony part posteriorly and a cartilaginous part in the front. There are 12 pairs of ribs, although in rare cases, some ribs can be absent. Ribs also provide attachment sites for thoracic muscles. The rib cage provides support and protection for such vital internal organs as the heart, lungs, spleen and liver, as well as major blood vessels. They articulate with vertebrae of the thoracic spine forming the majority of the rib cage. The ribs (Latin: costae) are long, flat and curved bones.
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